Title: Intectual_Devotional
Tags: intellectualdevotional

Q: Who wrote Ulysses?
A: James Joyce

Q: When was Ulysses written?
A: 1922

Q: What are the earliest known works of art?
A: The Lascaux Cave Paintings

Q: When were the Lascaux Cave Paintings discovered?
A: 1940

Q: How old are the Lascaux Cave Paintings?
A: 16,000 years old

Q: In what year was Dolly the Sheep cloned?
A: 1997

Q: What is music?
A: Organized sound that can be replicated, distinct from sound because sounds are irregular and disorganized

Q: What are the three ways we can analyze music?
A: Pitch, Key, Scale

Q: What are the earliest philosophers called?
A: Presocratics (literally, before Socrates)

Q: What are the first five books of the Bible? Or, what is the Torah?
A: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Dueteronomy (GELND)

Q: What are the Five Books of Moses?
A: The first five books of the Bible - GELND

Q: Why is Hammurabi's Code of Laws important?
A: The first written laws in history

Q: Who was Eratosthenes?
A: The chief librarian of Alexandria who measured the Earth's size, lived 200 BC

Q: When did Socrates live?
A: 470-399 BC

Q: Did Socrates write any books?
A: No. We only know of him from what others wrote.

Q: Who was Socrates's greatest student?
A: Plato

Q: What was the Harlem Renaissance?
A: A flourishing of African-American literature and art in Harlem in the 1920s and 1930s, set up once migrating blacks left the South and settled in the North.

Q: When was the Parthenon built?
A: 5th century BC (447-432 BC)

Q: Why was the Parthenon built?
A: To celebrate the victory of the Greeks over the Persians

Q: Who were the eldest sons of Adam and Eve?
A: Cain and Abel

Q: According to the Torah, who was the first human born?
A: Cain

Q: Where was Alexander the Great born?
A: Macedonia

Q: Who was responsible for Alexander the Great's education?
A: Aristotle

Q: When was Alexander the Great alive?
A: 356-323 BC. Conquered from Macedon to India, more than any other empire before him in history

Q: Who wrote Paradise Lost?
A: John Milton

Q: What is Paradise Lost about?
A: Humankind's fall from innocence as told in Genesis. It is considered the finest epic poem in English, and an influential part of the Protestant Reformation

Venus de Milo

Q: What is the Venus de Milo?
A: One of the most famous sculptures in the world, discovered in 1820.

Q: Which god is the Venus de Milo a representation of?
A: Aphrodite

Lascaux Cave Painting

Q: What was the first written music?
A: The Gregorian Chant, sung during Catholic Mass

Q: Who is the patriarch of monotheism?
A: Abraham

Q: Who were (Biblical) Abraham's two sons?
A: Isaac and Ishmael

The Hagia Sophia in Istanbul

Q: What is Istanbul's former name?
A: Constantinople

Q: What are black holes the result of?
A: Stars dying out and compressing in on themselves

Q: What is Plato's Cave Allegory?
A: Where men trapped in a cave in front of a fire can only see the shadows of objects project on a wall. The masses perceive the world this way, with philosophers perceiving the true objects, not just their appearances.

Q: Who was the wife of Abraham and matriarch of the Jewish people?
A: Sarah

Q: When was the Rosetta Stone discovered?
A: 1799, by French soldiers in Napolean's army

Q: Who wrote Heart of Darkness?
A: Joseph Conrad, in 1899

Q: Which Roman emperor ordered the official persecution of Christians?
A: Nero

Q: What document legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire?
A: The Edict of Milan in 313 AD

Q: What years constitute Modernism in literature?
A: 1900 - 1940

Q: What is nociception?
A: The perception of pain

Q: When was the Baroque Period?
A: 1600 - 1750, an era of pronounced contrasts in art, architecture, and music

Q: What year did the Prophet Muhammad die?
A: 632 AD

Q: Who wrote Catch-22?
A: Joseph Heller

The Cathedral of Notre Dame of Paris

Q: What is the placebo effect?
A: The beneficial influence of a treatment that has no medical value

Q: What is the Magna Carta?
A: A document considered the bedrock of freedom and free rule in England, which sowed the earliest seeds of a constitutional monarchy. Written in 1215

Q: Who wrote the poem Ozymandias?
A: Percy Bysshe Shelley

Q: When did Ghengis Khan live?
A: The 12th and 13th century, conquering the largest contiguous empire in history

Q: Who is considered the greatest literary voice of the American South?
A: William Faulkner

Q: What do Epicureans say the good life is?
A: A life of happiness, which is the presence of pleasure and the absence of pain

Q: How many people did The Black Death kill in Europe?
A: One third of the population between 1347 and 1350

Q: Who wrote The Great Gatsby?
A: F. Scott Fitzgerald

Q: Who painted The Last Supper?
A: Leonardo da Vinci

Q: What are the two parts of the Talmud?
A: The Mishna and the Gemara

Q: Who was Joan of Arc?
A: In the early 1400s, a young peasant woman who at the age of 17 took command of the French armies fighting the English. After a string of victories, burned at the stake.

Q: Who wrote The Grapes of Wrath?
A: John Steinbeck

Q: When did Leonardo da Vinci paint the Mona Lisa?
A: Approximately 1505

Q: What were the Milgram Studies?
A: A series of experiments demonstrating how ordinary people can be induced to perform inhuman acts simply by the presence of authority (shocking of the victim in this case)

Q: What is Kabbalah?
A: Jewish mysticism

Q: In which city did the Italian Renaissance begin?
A: Florence, in the late 14th century

Q: Who was Albrecht Durer?
A: A famous Renaissance artist from Northern Europe

Q: Who is regarded as the father of modern physics, the father of modern astronomy, and the father of modern science?
A: Galileo Galilei

Q: Who invented the telescope?
A: Galileo

Q: Who discovered the moons around Jupiter?
A: Galileo

Q: Who invented the compound microscope?
A: Galileo

Q: Who founded the Hasidic movement?
A: Rabbi Israel ben Eliezer, or the Besht, in the mid-1700s

Q: What was the Reconquista?
A: Christian Europe's final successful attempt to push the Muslim caliphate out of Spain

Q: When were the last Muslims pushed out of Spain?
A: 1492, with the fall of the Moorish fortress in Granada

Q: Whose philosophy today is known as Cartesian philosophy?
A: Rene Descartes

David, by Michelangelo

Q: What does cogito, ero sum mean?
A: I think, therefore I am

Q: Who wrote "I think, therefore I am"?
A: Rene Descartes

Q: What is Beowulf?
A: An epic, 8th century poem written in Old English

Q: Where is the Sistine Chapel?
A: In the Vatican Palace

Q: Who was Baruch Spinoza?
A: A 17th century Jewish philosopher in Spain, famous for arguing that the Bible, like all scriptures, should be interpreted as a document produced by humans and not by God.

Q: Who wrote Pride and Prejudice?
A: Jane Austen

Q: What is a priori knowledge?
A: Knowledge that does not depend on experience

Q: What was the Peace of Westphalia?
A: A peace treaty in 1648 to end 30 years of religious violence across Germany. This also enshrined that each state could choose its own religion and determine its own foreign affairs, and other states would not impose their views.

Q: Who said l'etat, c'est moi
A: Louis XIV of France

Girl with a Pearl Earring painted by Jan Vermeer

Q: When did Tsar Peter the Great rule?
A: 1682 - 1725

Q: Who wrote Brave New World?
A: Aldous Huxley - in it, he envisions a nightmare society arising not from political tyranny but from science and technology

Q: Who was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize?
A: Marie Curie, for her research into radioactivity

Q: Who was the first person to ever earn two Nobel Prizes?
A: Marie Curie

Q: What is epistemology?
A: The study of what distinguishes justified belief from opinion (or, what knowledge is)

Q: When did Benjamin Franklin live?
A: 1706-1790

The Great Wave Off Kanagawa by Katsushika Hokusai

Q: Who was John Locke?
A: Living during the 17th century, he was the first major British empiricist and an important political philosopher. He argued that human beings are born 'tabula rasa' - as blank slates.

Q: How many books are in the Biblical Gospels?
A: Four - Matthew, Mark, Luke and John

Q: Who was Anton Chekov?
A: A 19th century Russian writer, one of the great masters of the short story and drama

Q: Who published Theory of Cognitive Dissonance?
A: Leon Festinger in 1957, which states that humans hold a variety of thoughts (cognitions) that, when related to each other, humans feel a deep need for them to be consistent.

Q: Who was Virginia Woolf?
A: One of the most influential writers of the modernist movement in the early 20th century

The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters by Francisco Goya

Q: What are the three tenets of liberalism?
A: Individualism, Equality, Freedom. It is a normative theory (it describes things how they should be, not how they are)

Q: When did the Eastern Orthodox Church separate from the Roman Catholic Church?
A: 1054

Q: When did the French Revolution begin?
A: July 14, 1789

Q: Who wrote Moby-Dick?
A: Herman Melville, in 1851

Q: Who was William Turner?
A: An English painter who specialized in watercolor landscapes

Q: When did Martin Luther nail his 95 Theses to a church door in Germany?
A: 1517

Q: Who wrote "The Road Not Taken"?
A: Robert Frost

Q: When did Napolean Bonaparte take power in France?
A: 1799, crowning himself emperor in 1804 (and dying in 1821)

Q: Who wrote The Scarlett Letter?
A: Nathaniel Hawthorne - in it, he explores social and moral questions through the context of colonial New England

Whistler's Mother by James McNeil Whistler

Q: When was the Irish Potato Famine?
A: 1841 to 1851

Q: Who founded Mormonism?
A: Joseph Smith

Q: When did Walt Whitman live?
A: 1819-1892

Q: Who was Edgar Degas?
A: A prominent painter with the impressionist movement, from France

Q: Who wrote Oliver Twist?
A: Charles Dickens

Q: When did Charles Dickens live?
A: 1812-1870

Q: Who was Paul Cézanne?
A: A major artist in the postimpressionist movement, lots of landscapes - influential on cubism

Q: How many liters of blood does the average person have in them?
A: Five liters

Q: What are the four essential components of blood?
A: Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma

Q: What do blood platelets contain?
A: Chemicals that clot wounds

Q: What do white blood cells do?
A: Important part of the immune system that fights infections

Q: What do red blood cells carry primarily?
A: Oxygen

Q: What is plasma?
A: The fluid that carries red and white blood cells and platelets through the body

Q: Who was Hector Berlioz?
A: French composer who wrote Symphone Fantastique

Q: What is inductive reasoning?
A: Reasoning which strongly supports (not absolute proof) the truth of a conclusion. Supposed to be probable, based on evidence provided.

Q: How many chapters are in the Quran?
A: 114 suras (chapters)

Q: What are people who have memorized the Quran known as?
A: Hafiz, meaning Guardian

Q: What are the three states of matter?
A: Solid, liquid, gas

Q: Who wrote the 1812 Overture?
A: Piotr Tchaikovsky

Q: Who wrote Madame Bovary?
A: Gustave Flaubert

Q: Where was Antonin Dvorak from?
A: Czech Republic

Q: What do scholars generally regard as the most original American contribution to philosophy?
A: The concept of pragmatism

Q: Where did pragmatism originate?
A: The United States

Q: Who is the most important angel in the Islamic tradition?
A: Gabriel

Q: Which treaty officially ended World War I?
A: The Treaty of Versailles, signed in Paris

Q: Who wrote the play Waiting for Godot?
A: Samuel Beckett

The Scream (1893)

Q: Who painted The Scream in 1893?
A: Edvard Munch - the painting is an icon of existential angst

Q: Who was Gustav Mahler?
A: A Czech composer and conductor, late 19th century

Q: What is phenomenology?
A: The study of the structures of experience and consciousness

Q: What is fauvism?
A: An artistic movement that opposed naturalism and celebrated the power of color, usually through vivid expressions.

Portrait of Madame Matisse by Henri Matisse, 1906

Q: Who was Henri Matisse?
A: A founding father of fauvism, Henri was a French artist living from 1869 - 1954.

Q: What numbers do real numbers include?
A: Natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers, and irrational numbers

Haystacks by Claude Monet, completed in 1891

Q: What is impressionism?
A: 19th century art movement that originated with Parisian artists depicting not objects or scenes but suggestions of represetations.

Q: Who was Claude Debussy?
A: A French impressionist composer who died in 1918, one of the most influential composers of the 19th and 20th centuries, noted for non-traditional music scales

Q: Who was Maurice Ravel?
A: A French Impressionist composer who died in 1937, known for his rich harmonies and inventive effects

Q: Who was Martin Heidegger?
A: A German philosopher (1889 - 1976) who wrote extensively on existence and being - The presence of things for us is not their being, but merely their being interpreted according to a system of meaning and purpose. Never recanted support for Nazism.

Q: What are the two core components of Buddha's teachings?
A: The Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path

Q: When was the Spanish Civil War?
A: 1936 - 1939, with a minimum of 500,000 people killed (estimates go as high as one million).

Q: Who were the main actors in the Spanish Civil War?
A: Left-wing socialists loyal to the government vs the eventually victorious nationalist rebels under Gen. Francisco Franco

Guernica by Pablo Picasso

The Guggenheim Museum in NYC

The interior of the Guggeheim Museum in NYC

Q: Who built the Guggenehim Museum?
A: Frank Lloyd Wright

Q: What are prime numbers?
A: A prime number is a whole number greater than one that can be evenly divided by only one and itself

Q: What is the smallest and only even prime number?
A: Two

Q: What is aesthetics?
A: The philosophy of art

Q: Who started the tradition of Zen Buddhism?
A: Bodhidharma, in 520 AD

Q: When was Adolf Hitler alive?
A: 1889 - 1945

Q: In what key way was Hitler different from almost all other dictators? (public support question)
A: He enjoyed widespread public support during he reign, even in democratic elections.

Q: Who wrote the poem "This is My Letter to the World"?
A: Emily Dickinson, one of America's greatest poets

Q: What is cubism?
A: An art form in th early 20th century that reduced the shapes of people and things to basic geometric forms and rejected the rules of mathematical perspective. This challenges the way the viewer understands time and space on two-dimensional surface

Q: What three artists comprise the Second Viennese School?
A: Arnold Shoenberg and his two pupils, Alban Berg and Anton Webern, all composers

Q: What is existentialism?
A: a philosophical theory or approach that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through acts of the will.

Q: What is Karma?
A: The cycle of moral cause and effect that is central to Hinduism

Q: Who was the first American soldier in WWII to begin to see what would later be termed the Holocaust?
A: Felix Sparks, a Lt. Colonel, division commander of the 45th Infantry that was tasked to take Dachau. "Dante's Inferno seemed pale compared to the real hell of Dachau" he told historians.

Q: What was Romanticism?
A: An artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that peaked in influence from 1800 - 1850. The movement emphasized intense emotion as the authentic source of experience, and was partially a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, European aristocratic experiences, and scientific rationalism.

Q: When did Pablo Picasso live?
A: 1881 - 1973

Q: How many major philosophical traditions are there?
A: Seven (Analytic, Continental, Pragmatism, Eastern, Islamic, Platonic, Scholastic)

Q: What is Analytic Philosophy?
A: The terms can have many meanings, but generally it is an approach emphasizing clarity of argument achieved via formal logic through the sciences. Developed primarily in the UK and the US in the 20th century.

Q: In the Hindu tradition, what are the two great epics?
A: The Mahabharata and the Ramayana

Q: What is the epic Mahabharata about?
A: Two clans (the Pandavas and Dhartarashtas) fighting against each other after the Pandavas were banished after losing a game of dice. A horrible war ensues - and story about it enshrines many of the central tenets of Hinduism.

Q: What is the epic Ramayana about?
A: It tells the tale of Rama, banished with his wife Sita, after failing to succeed his father at the throne. Sita is taken by another king - Rama fights to get her back, but is worried about her sexual purity after she was living with another man. He puts her in a fire - she survives, he thinks she is pure again, though rumors continue. Rama eventually expels her, and she has two sons, who tell this tale called the Ramayana

Q: What was the Battle of Midway?
A: A giant and decisive naval clash in WWII between the US and Japan over three days in June, 1942. Set the course for the end of Japan's dominance in the Pacific.

Q: When was the Battle of Midway?
A: June 4 - 7, 1942

Q: What is "Sonnet 18"?
A: Shakespeare's most famous sonnet about beauty, transience, and art. Starts: Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate.

What is the Golden Ratio?

Q: When was D-Day?
A: June 6, 1944

Q: How many soldiers were involved in D-Day?
A: More than 150,000 US, British and Canadian troops, using some 5,000 ships and 11,000 airplanes.

Q: Who wrote War and Peace and Anna Karenina?
A: Leo Tolstoy

Q: Who was Leo Tolstoy?
A: Many consider him one of the greatest novelists in history. 19th Russian writer.

Q: What is Fermat's Last Theorem?
A: It states: there are no positive integers x, y, and z such that x^n +^ y^n = z^n

Q: What is the story of Fermat's Last Theorem?
A: Pierre de Fermat's 1637 note scribbled mysteriously in one of his books. Solved for the first time in 1995 by a Princeton University professor, 357 years later.

Q: Who was Igor Stravinsky?
A: A Russian composer, pianist and conductor, one of the most famous of the 20th century, noted for its stylistic diversity and rhythmic energy.

Q: What is Taoism?
A: A spiritual tradition, considered both a philosophy and a religion, that emerged during the 700-200 BC intellectual period in China. Taoism advocates self-cultivation through Tao, or 'the way' that is ever-present by working on breathing exercises and minimization of desires. Does not believe in an afterlife.

Q: What was the Manhattan Project?
A: Top secret military project launched after Pearl Harbor in 1941 to develop a nuclear weapon. Was the world's greatest collection of scientists, never since repeated. In total, the US spent $20 billion in current USD to develop the bomb.

Q: Who wrote the poem "I, Too, Sing America"?
A: Langston Hughes

Q: Who was Langston Hughes?
A: An American poet, social activist, novelist and playwright, considered the leader of the Harlem Renaissance.

American Gothic

Q: Who pained American Gothic, and when?
A: Grant Wood, in 1930

Q: Who first proposed The Prisoner's Dilemma?
A: Albert W. Tucker, a Canadian mathematician. Later in residence at Princeton.

Q: What are the Five Pillars of Islam?
A: Shahah (faith in God), Salah (daily prayer), Zakat (charity), Sawm (fasting), Hajj (travel to Mecca)

Q: Who was Commodore Matthew Perry?
A: The commander of an American expedition to Japan, forced the Japanese to sign trade deals with the US. He found Japan at the peak of its isolation from the world.

The Thinker by Auguste Rodin. Created in 1880.

Q: Who was Frederic Chopin?
A: A 19th century Polish composer and virtuoso pianst of the Romantic era, wrote mainly for solo piano. Known for his 'poetic genius' and gentle touch in contrast to the bombastic tones favored by his contemporaries.

Q: What are the four claims that highlight The Problem of Evil?
A: 1) God is all-powerful. 2) God is all-knowing. 3) God is perfectly good. 4) There is evil in the world.

Q: What is Sharia?
A: Islamic law

Q: Who was the abolitionist John Brown?
A: A white American abolitionist who tried to use force to start a liberation movement among slaves in Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Put down, and executed, but seized the nation's attention.

Q: Who was Marcel Proust?
A: A 19th and 20th century French novelist, critic and essayist best known for his novel In Search of Lost Time. Considered one of the great authors in history.

Q: Who was Claude Monet?
A: A 19th century French painter, the founder of Impressionist painting.

Q: What is the novel Invisible Man about?
A: A book regarding the social and intellectual issues facing African-Americas in the early 20th century, including black nationalism, Marxism, and racial politiics alongside the role of the black individual.

Q: Who wrote the novel Invisible Man?
A: Ralph Ellison

Q: Who was Auguste Renoir?
A: A 19th century French artist who was a leader in the Impressionist movement, focused on feminine sensuality.

Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette by Auguste Renoir

Two Sisters by Auguste Renoir

Q: What are the seven colors of a rainbow?
A: Red, Orange, Yellow, Gree, Blue, Indigo and Violet

Q: How do rainbows form?
A: When light passes through water that is in the air (light rain usually)

Q: What is Twelve-tone Serialism?
A: A method of musical composition ensuring that all 12 notes of the chromatic scale are sounded as often as one another in a piece of music while preventing the emphasis of any one note. Developed by Arnold Shoenberg.

Q: Who was Aaron Copland?
A: A 20th century American composer and writer, instrumental in forging a distinctly American style of music composition.

Q: What are the main tenets of Confucianism?
A: A humanistic approach that focuses on the practical order of a 'this-wordly' awareness of heaven and respect for gods, with an emphasis on the importance of family rather than anything transcendant. Also, that human beings are perfectable through self-cultivation and self-creation (by virtue and ethics).

Q: Who was William Butler (W.B.) Yeats?
A: A 19th and 20th century Irish poet and a major figure in 20th century literature. Winner of the Nobel Prize.

Q: Who was Salvador Dali?
A: A 20th century Spanish surrealist painter.

The Persistence of Memory, 1931, by Salvador Dali

Q: In mathematics, what does 6! (6 factorial) mean?
A: 6!=6x5x4x3x2x1

Q: What is Shinto?
A: The indigenous religion of Japan, the most important deity of which is Amaterasu (emperor believed to be a descendant). State Shinto was the official religion pre-WWII, and no longer exists.

Q: Who was the founder of analytic philosophy?
A: Bertrand Russell

Q: What was Brown v. Board of Education?
A: A landmark Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws separating public schools for blacks and whites to be unconstitutional.

Q: When was Brown v. Board of Education?
A: May 17, 1954

Q: What is the world's oldest monotheistic religion?
A: Zoroastrianism, founded at least 8 centuries BC

Q: Who is the god of Zoroastrianism?
A: Ahura Mazda

Q: Who wrote the poem "Ode on a Grecian Urn"?
A: John Keats, a 19th century English Romantic poet

The symbol of Sikhism

Q: When was Sikhism founded?
A: 15th century

Q: Who founded Sikhism?
A: Guru Nanak

Q: Who is the god of Sikhism?
A: Ek Onkar

Q: When did Nelson Mandela live?
A: 1918 - 2013

Q: When did Nelson Mandela serve as president of South Africa?
A: 1994 - 1999

Q: How many years did Nelson Mandela serve in prison?
A: 27

The Boating Party by Mary Cassatt

Q: Who was Mary Cassatt?
A: 19th century American painter from Pennsylvania, lived mainly in France, credited with introducing Impressionism to Americans

Q: When did the US Civil War End?
A: April 9, 1865

Q: Where was the peace treaty to end the US Civil War signed?
A: Appomattox Court House, Virginia

Q: When did Immanuel Kant live?
A: 1724 - 1804

Q: What is Immanuel Kant's most famous work?
A: Critique of Pure Reason, published in 1781

Q: Who was Giuseppe Verdi?
A: An Italian Romantic composer, considered by many to be the preeminent opera composer of the 19th century.

Q: When did the Transcontinental Railroad open in the US?
A: 1869

Q: Who are the Rashidun Caliphs (4)?
A: 1) Abu Bakar 2) Umar ibn al-Khattab 3) Uthman ib Affan 4) Ali

Q: When were X-Rays discovered?
A: 1895

Q: Who discovered X-Rays?
A: German scientist Wilhelm Roentgen

Q: What is the basic principle of utilitarianism?
A: Humanity should always do whatever produces the greatest overall pleasure in the world (commonly but mistakenly seen as an endorsement of intense sensual life)

Q: How many times did the Prophet Muhammad marry, and what are his wives referred to as?
A: Either 11 or 13 times, and his wives are known as the Mothers of the Believers. His favorite wife was said to be Aisha.

Q: When did William Shakespeare live?
A: 1564 - 1616

Q: What is the smallest unit of an element that has all the chemical properties of that element?
A: The atom

Q: Who was Richard Wagner?
A: A 19th century German composer, whose contributions to opera make him one of the most influential artists of the 19th century

Q: Who was Muawiyah I?
A: The first leader of Islam after the Rashidun Caliphs

Q: Who is considered the founder of modern Germany?
A: Otto von Bismarck

Q: Who was Jackson Pollock?
A: A 20th century influential American painter, major figure of the abstract expressionist movement, known for drip painting.

Q: What are the four parts of a battery?
A: A negatively charged anode, a positively charged cathode, electrochemicals, and electrolytes

A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte by Georges Seurat, a French post-impressionist painter

Q: Who was Andrew Carnegie?
A: A 19th century Scottish immigrant who became the richest person in the world through his steel company. Encouraged the rich to give to philanthropy.

Q: Who is the Mahdi?
A: The prophesied redeemer of Islam who will rule with Jesus before the Day of Judgement

Q: When did Nietzsche live?
A: 1844 - 1900

Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh

Q: Who is the intellectual father of Communism?
A: Karl Marx, who arguably had more of an impact on the 20th century than any other philosopher

Q: Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton?
A: A 19th century American social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure in the women's rights movement. She's credited with the first organized women's suffrage movements in the US.